Incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based prospective active surveillance study in three cities in South America.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence rate and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in three cities in Latin America during a 3-year period. DESIGN: Prospective population-based surveillance study. SETTING: Healthcare facilities (outpatient centres and hospitals) in the cities of General Roca (Argentina), Rivera (Uruguay) and Concepción (Paraguay). PARTICIPANTS: 2302 adults aged 18 years and older with CAP were prospectively enrolled between January 2012 and March 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence rates of CAP in adults, predisposing conditions for disease, mortality at 14 days and at 1 year were estimated. Incidence rate of CAP, within each age group, was calculated by dividing the number of cases by the person-years of disease-free exposure time based on the last census; incidence rates were expressed per 1000 person-years. RESULTS: Median age of participants was 66 years, 46.44% were men, 68% were hospitalised. Annual incidence rate was 7.03 (95% CI 6.64 to 7.44) per 1000 person-years in General Roca, 6.33 (95% CI 5.92 to 6.78) per 1000 person-years in Rivera and 1.76 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.00) per 1000 person-years in Concepción. Incidence rates were highest in participants aged over 65 years. 82.4% had at least one predisposing condition and 48% had two or more (multimorbidity). Chronic heart disease (43.6%) and smoking (37.3%) were the most common risk factors. 14-day mortality rate was 12.1% and 1-year mortality was 24.9%. Multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk of death at 14 days (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.23 to 3.80) and at 1 year (OR 3.00; 95% CI 2.44 to 3.70). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high incidence rate of CAP in adults, ranging from 1.76 to 7.03 per 1000 person-years, in three cities in South America, disclosing the high burden of disease in the region. Efforts to improve prevention strategies are needed.

Disfunción orgánica múltiple como complicación de la instilación intravesical de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin: comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Multiple organ dysfunction as a complication of Bacille Calmette-Guérin intravesical instillation (BCG): report of a case an literature review

La instilación intravesical de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) es el tratamiento de primera línea para el carcinoma superficial de células transicionales de la vejiga. Aunque su uso es relativamente seguro, complicaciones graves como hepatitis granulomatosa, osteomielitis, neumonía, sepsis y disfunción orgánica múltiple se producen en algunos pacientes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de carcinoma de células de transición superficial de la vejiga (T1), que fallece como consecuencia de una complicación sistémica grave con severo compromiso del sistema nervioso central, secundaria a la instilación intravesical de BCG.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin intravesical instillation (BCG) is the main treatment for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. In spite of it being a safe procedure, severe complications as granulomatous hepatitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome occur in a few patients. The study presents the case of a patient with a diagnosis of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (T1), who died as a consequence of a severe systemic compromise of the central nervous system, secondary to instravesical instillation of BCG.

A instilação intravesical de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) é o tratamento de primeira linha para o carcinoma superficial de células transicionais de bexiga. Embora seu seja relativamente seguro, as complicações graves como hepatite granulomatosa, osteomielite, pneumonia, sepse e disfunção orgânica múltipla possam ocorrem em alguns pacientes. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de carcinoma de células de transição superficial de bexiga (T1), que falece como consequência de uma complicação sistêmica grave com severo compromisso do Sistema Nervoso Central, secundária à instilação intravesical de BCG.